Hansen, Esther V. (1971). The Attalids of Pergamon. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; London: Cornell University Press Ltd. ISBN 0-8014-0615-3.
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174. ISBN 1-4051-3278-7. text
Christian Settipani, Les Ancêtres de Charlemagne (France: Éditions Christian, 1989).
Simon Hornblower and Tony Spawforth, Who's Who (Classical World), pg. 61.
